Over 4,000 years ago, the Sumerians inhabited what is now the Middle East, leaving behind a rich cultural heritage. However, we know very little about the origins and evolution of this ancient people. The Sumerians brought advanced culture to the Semites, worshipped mountain gods, and developed sophisticated astronomy that closely aligns with modern scientific observations of the moon's rotation. They left behind a mathematical problem with a 15-digit solution on the mountains of Kuyunjik, far surpassing the computational abilities of ancient Greek culture. The Sumerian deities were associated with the stars, and their astronomical achievements are nothing short of astonishing.
Around 4500 to 4000 BC, the primitive Ubaidians settled in this area, creating the pre-Sumerian civilization. On clay tablets discovered in Kuyunjik, there is an epic narrative poem depicting cosmic travel. The poem describes the hero Enkidu flying through the air on a giant eagle, observing the Earth from different angles and depicting the varied landscapes of land and sea. These metaphors are remarkably precise, raising questions about whether humans ever truly viewed the Earth from such heights.
Archaeological findings suggest that the Sumerians appeared suddenly on this land around 40,000 years ago, establishing a highly developed civilization. Yet historians have been unable to explain the origins of Sumerian civilization. All of this adds an air of mystery to the Sumerian culture.
