In the early 20th century, Stein discovered the ancient city of Niya on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert. This grand city, remarkably well-preserved, is comparable to the ancient Roman city of Pompeii. Numerous precious artifacts were unearthed here, particularly wooden slips inscribed with strange symbols that garnered widespread attention. These symbols are in Kharosthi, an ancient script that disappeared, originating from northwestern India around the 4th century BC. The wooden slips document the history of Niya facing external threats, revealing possible reasons for its demise.
The disappearance of Niya is not without clues. According to the wooden slips, the city faced formidable external threats that it could hardly withstand. Additionally, the actions of the Niya people may have contributed to environmental degradation, ultimately leading to their engulfment by the desert. Once an important hub on the Silk Road, Niya boasted rich natural resources and cultural achievements, but over-exploitation and destruction resulted in water source depletion and severe environmental decline. Today, the Niya ruins consist only of crumbling walls and mummified remains, evoking a sense of loss.
The fate of Niya serves as a warning about the vital importance of cherishing our environment and resources.
